Efektivitas Ekstrak Daun Maja (Aegle marmelos (L) Corr) sebagai Larvasida Aedes aegypti

Monica Puspa Sari, Rina Priastini Susilowati

Abstract


Tanaman maja (Aegle marmelos), dikenal dengan Bael atau Maja dapat ditemukan disekitar kita, dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai larvasida alami karena ramah lingkungan dan relatif lebih  aman bila dibandingkan dengan pestisida kimiawi yang mulai menimbulkan resistensi bagi hewan targetnya. Kandungan beberapa senyawa kimia seperti alkaloid, terpenoid dan tannin  kemungkinan bersifat larvasida maka diperlukan untuk mengetahui apakah ekstrak daun maja menggunakan pelarut etil asetat dan etanol efektif dapat membunuh larva Aedes aegypti  dengan berbagai konsentrasi yaitu 1%; 2%; 4%, 8%; dan 16%, dengan satu kelompok kontrol  positif berupa temephos 1% dan kontrol negatif (tanpa paparan). Rancangan yang digunakan adalah rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) dengan ulangan sebanyak empat kali. Penelitian ini dilakukan di laboratorium penelitian fakultas kedokteran Universitas Kristen Krida Wacana (UKRIDA) dengan populasi larva sebanyak 25 larva per ulangan. Kematian larva Aedes aegypti diamati 24 jam setelah terpapar. Data yang diperoleh akan dianalisis menggunakan uji one way Anova dan dilanjutkan dengan uji beda nyata terkecil (uji BNT) untuk mengetahui apakah ada perbedaan yang bermakna antara temephos 1% dengan ekstrak daun maja dosis bertingkat yang menggunakan pelarut etil asetat maupun etanol dalam berbagai konsentrasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan nilai LC50 dan LC90 dari pelarut etil asetat sebesar 2,03% dan 3,04%. Sedangkan nilai LC50 dan LC90 menggunakan pelarut etanol sebesar 4,12% dan 10,82%. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa ekstrak daun maja menggunakan pelarut etil asetat mempunyai aktivitas larvasida yang lebih tinggi  dibandingkan menggunakan pelarut etanol.

Keywords


Daun maja; Alkaloid; Mortalitas, Aedes aegypti

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.33476/jky.v27i1.797

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